AI生成的黑色健康成绩单-05-29-24

[SPEAKER_15]: 主要有风险。所以有一些历史背景。许多黑人和棕色社区都受到住宅隔离的约束。这对您来说不是新闻，但我只是想让您有机会阅读它，这推动了资源减少和基础架构不当。因此，当我们看数字时，黑人孩子可能患有哮喘。黑人儿童死于哮喘的可能性是7.6倍。在2021年，有7200万有色人种生活在高水平的臭氧和 /或颗粒污染的地区。因此，当我们在持有系列赛的原因与气候变化的影响以及我们在梅德福市所做的工作之间建立联系时，我们的预防办公室以及计划，发展和可持续性办公室。我总是必须记住PDS的代表。因此，从洪水到热浪，黑人和棕色的儿童面临着与气候相关的健康结果的更大风险。我们的气候规划师布伦达·派克（Brenda Pike）也在本单元中设有卫生公平委员会，该团队与我们的Medford Connectors，Charbel，Lizette，Samia，不在这里的团队和虚拟的Natasha。因此，气候公平是一个临时委员会，该委员会将为纽约市的实施气候行动计划提供建议，重点是代表梅德福市先前代表性不足的团体的利益。那么您如何提供帮助？了解环境正义问题，参与并保持参与。您可以保持订婚。我们有此引体式横幅，并有了QR码，您可以与之互动，或与我自己或布伦达（Brenda）接触，然后在市政厅与我们建立联系。就是这样。因此，我将Britta Lundberg博士正在途中。她的交通很糟糕。她在后面跑来跑去，但今晚她将成为我们的演讲者，她将更深入地了解哮喘对儿童的影响。所以我只想有一点耐心。

[Pike]: 当然。是的。好的。因此，尽管我们有一些时间，但如果您稍后到达我们的小示范区，则其中之一，我们那里有一个便携式感应灶具，那里是电动炉灶。除了哮喘的益处外，关于此的一件很棒的事情是，它不会加热炉子顶部和周围的区域尽可能地将热量聚焦在锅本身上，因此它有一个使电磁场的磁场，因此，如果您有一个金属锅，磁铁将附加到它上，它将在其上使用加热锅，以便我稍后再告诉你我可以打开它，将手放在上面，它不会燃烧我的手，因为它只会加热金属。我可以将毛巾放在下面，将锅放在毛巾上，然后通过毛巾煮熟，它不会燃烧毛巾，因为它只是将热量聚焦在锅上。因此，它是令人难以置信的节能效率，可以节省您的能源，可节省您的钱，并降低了火灾的风险。它也改善了哮喘的结果。因此，这是一个很大的好处。像普通库克炉一样，全尺寸单元比传统炉子贵。此便携式灶具在这里，是100美元。相对简单。我为一年的大部分烹饪做饭。而且真的很棒。如果您想自己尝试一下，梅德福公共图书馆有两个感应灶具，类似的便携式炉灶，您可以检查图书馆尝试一下几个星期，看看是否是您感兴趣的东西。

[SPEAKER_10]: 因此，如果人们有兴趣，这里有咖啡和一些手指食品。

[SPEAKER_07]: 但是我认为当我们等待时，我们可以说。好，你好吗？你好。好的，这样他们就可以看到了，他们看不到。

[SPEAKER_09]: 你好你好吗？真的很好。很好，我是来自Equity Community Media的Kevin，为所有这些提供了帮助。

[SPEAKER_13]: 好吧，很棒。我们在这里有您的麦克风。

[SPEAKER_02]: 让我向后跑步并重置。丽莎（Lisa）是否提到了手持式麦克风，所以观众也回到了那里？是的，好，很好。

[SPEAKER_09]: 正如我说的那样，今天早上我看着半小时。我当时想，我知道这会更忙。可能是40分钟。我一直在努力对此非常聪明。每次，我都想，至少花了几分钟。

[SPEAKER_07]: 它的进展不是很快。我很高兴看到人们出来。我们在开幕之夜有一些东西。

[o9F0qYH9Geo_SPEAKER_05]: 她每年夏天都会和他一起出去玩。

[SPEAKER_15]: 好吧，所以我们回来了。我只是想介绍隆德伯格博士，他将成为我们今天晚上的发言人。她是训练有素的传染病医师，也是埃默里大学传染病科的前助理教授。她是健康权益研究所的首席执行官兼创始人，也是伦德伯格卫生倡导者，这是一个患者倡导小组。卫生公平研究所为有需要的患者提供计划倡导服务的倡导教育和资金。伦德伯格（Lundberg）博士是气候法规Blue的积极成员，该组织的主体倡导小组致力于提高公众对气候变化健康影响的认识。她曾是董事会主席，也是大波士顿医师的积极成员，也是马萨诸塞州医学会的环境和职业卫生委员会的成员。我将把麦克风传递给伦德伯格博士。

[SPEAKER_09]: Sophie, how do I change the slides? I can change it for you. Oh, I can just say next slide. First of all, thank you all so much for coming out on a Wednesday night to hear about air pollution and climate justice and the health impacts of childhood asthma in black children, because I think this is such an incredibly important topic, and I am so glad to be here. Next slide. So just a few words about what is asthma. And I'm sorry, these slides are kind of far back, but I think you can see them OK. So it essentially is a hyper-reactivity of the airways that causes swelling, difficulty breathing. I'm sure that many of you in this room, I as a parent and the parent of two kids with asthma, I'm sure a lot of you are involuntary experts about asthma. And so I probably don't need to tell you too much. But what I do need to tell you is that there are several triggers for asthma. There are triggers that we can do things about, and there are triggers we can't do things about. The triggers we generally can't do so much about include cold air, exercise, viral infections, you know, that your kids are going to be exposed to or that you are exposed to. But tonight I'm going to talk about the things we can do things, something about. And I'm going to talk about who this disease is most common in. So it turns out, and actually it was really a pleasure to me to prepare and a bit of a shock, I have to say, to prepare this talk because it was somewhat of an eye-opener to me. I did not know all of these statistics, so I'm just going to share with you some pretty sobering statistics that I wasn't aware of. So as many of you know, black children have a higher risk of developing asthma than children of other racial groups. Black children have more than double the asthma rate, 12% versus 5.5% in other groups. Emergency use is much higher. And there's an increased asthma fatality rate. Now, these data are for across the country. They're not for Massachusetts. Massachusetts, it's a little lower. But in general, the asthma fatality rate is almost eight times higher in black children. Next slide. So that list of triggers that I put up there in the slide before this mentioned a whole bunch of triggers, mold, allergens, pollen, as I said, exercise and whatnot. And it mentioned smoke, but it doesn't mention what we're gonna talk about tonight, which is air pollution. I really feel like the NIH should list air pollution as a trigger and cause of asthma because the data tell us that it is. Air pollution in Massachusetts, according to a 2019 study by Boston College professor Dr. Philip Landrigan, showed that 15,000 cases of asthma in 2019 are due to air pollution in our state, and they're disproportionately affecting communities of color. But air pollution isn't just a cause and a trigger of asthma. It's a cause of a lot of other stuff. It's a cause of IQ loss in children. It's a cause of low birth weight among newborns. And, importantly, it's a cause of death. Worldwide, it accounts for 3 million deaths. It's the fifth leading risk factor for death in the world. And in our state, it accounts for 2,800 deaths a year, at least in this 2019 study. The important thing to note is that those deaths occur in every single community in Massachusetts, regardless of income, regardless of race, but they disproportionately occur among communities of color. And so, and the other important thing about that study is that it turns out that the level of particulate matter that the EPA believes is protective turned out not to be protective in that study. The levels that they saw health effects at were much, much lower, leading the authors to recommend much, much lower levels of pollution that should be allowed. Now if I just asked you what the number one trigger is in terms of houses about what the trigger for childhood asthma is, I put it on the slide, I should have asked the slide before, but actually the number one trigger for pediatric asthma is gas stove use in the house. And so that is what I'm gonna focus my talk on, but I thought I'd mention outdoor air pollution right at the get-go also. Next slide, please. Again, just reinforcing what I just said, there are disparities around who's exposed to air pollution. On average, nationally, people of color are exposed to 38% higher levels of the air pollutant nitrogen dioxide. It's just a common air pollution pollutant. And we in the Northeast, ironically, you know, we... I grew up thinking, oh, we're so much more enlightened. No, no, no, not when it comes to air pollution. Actually, the disparities in the Northeast are some of the worst in the country. And one of the top 10 cities in terms of those disparities is Boston. And one of the two top 10 states in terms of locating sources of air pollution including things like hazardous waste facilities and biomass incinerators and natural gas infrastructure like compressor stations and oil and gas pipelines and that kind of thing. There are two top states in the country for that. One is Wisconsin and one is Massachusetts. So that's distressing. Next slide please. So it's important to talk about childhood asthma, because there are three really important reasons why children are more susceptible to air pollution provoked asthma. First of all, they breathe at a higher rate, so they take those pollutants in at a higher rate. Second, because they're smaller, they have a higher lung to body weight surface area, and so they absorb more of those pollutants. And second, they have very immature developing respiratory systems, and so they're just not equipped to handle that level of pollution. I was asked to speak about the interaction between climate justice and asthma, and in fact, there's a very powerful interaction. Climate change, whether caused by wildfire smoke, as you see on the left, or flooding, bottom right, or drought, any of the commonly occurring things with climate change, all increase the respiratory disease and they compound racial disparities. The driver of climate change is fossil fuels and oil, gas, coal, infrastructure that produces all of this air pollution that then is a driver of climate change. And the interesting thing is that the fossil fuels don't just cause the climate change, they also are a direct provoker of asthma themselves. Next slide. Now the great news here is that cutting air pollution has immediate effects. I mean, really almost immediate. So we see asthma rates, heart attack rates, they fall rapidly. Babies are born healthier. Next slide. And how do we know that? So this is just a bunch of studies showing this effect. I'm just going to focus on the second one down. You might remember at the Atlanta Olympics, they really limited driving and transportation And they made all of the local, anyone who produced any local sources of air pollution, to really ramp it down so that the air quality would be better for the Olympics. And a bunch of physicians thought, well, this is interesting. Why don't we look at asthma at the same time? With all of this air pollution falling, we would expect it to get better. It plummeted. And that within weeks. So within 17 days, they had decreased emergency room visits for childhood asthma, decreased hospitalizations. And it wasn't just the Atlanta Olympics. They saw the same thing for the Beijing Olympics, because China did the same thing. And they really got very, very strict about their air pollution standards. And they actually looked at some of the data in lung tissue, and they saw decreased inflammatory markers. and decreased incidence of asthma exacerbations and inflammation. And so seeing all that data, we can just finish up and go home, right? Because we've got all the answers here. The answer is to decrease air pollution. Well, unfortunately, it's not that easy. Next slide, please. This is an article that I wrote in collaboration. They left off my co-author, Dr. Adrian Allen, who is Awesome, and they, anyway, I have to bother them about this, because I just noticed this when I pulled up the article. They've rebranded as Commonwealth Beacons, so when they were Commonwealth, she was on there, and now she's not. But it's just an article about pollution inequality in the state of Massachusetts, and all the roadblocks that we have been running into in terms of communities of color being disproportionately impacted by locating polluting infrastructure in them, like the Peabody Peeker plant, right in a community that's a disalready overburdened by too much polluting infrastructure, the Weymouth Compressor Station. Two success stories that I should mention since Governor Healey came into office are the Long Meadow Pipeline that the DEP put the kibosh on, and a biomass incinerator in Springfield. So we've had some victories, but by and large, Regulating outdoor air pollution is a real challenge. So that is why I'm going to focus on indoor air pollution. Next slide. Because this is something we as individuals can do something about. Next slide. Now, you might not know this, but indoor air quality is often much, much worse than outdoor air quality. And that is an important thing to think about because we spend up to 90% of our time indoors, right? That said, the EPA has said that indoor air pollution can be anywhere from two to five to 100 times worse than outdoor air quality. And homes with gas stoves emit 50 to 400 times as much of a very powerful air pollutant called nitrogen dioxide that we'll talk about in a minute than homes with electric stoves. Next slide. This is an important thing to know, because asthma is the second most common chronic illness in Massachusetts. One in eight children in Massachusetts have it. And 15% of that is attributable to gas stove use next. That's a problem, because gas stove usage is widespread in our state. Over 50% of over half of the houses in Massachusetts use gas to cook, houses and apartments. And in fact, as I mentioned earlier, this was a study in 2017 from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health showing that gas stoves are the number one trigger for indoor asthma, number one trigger indoors for childhood asthma exacerbations. As we mentioned before about outdoor air pollution, this too is an equity issue. Lower income households are at higher risk of exposure and illness. Why is that? Because their houses and apartments tend to be smaller. Their ventilation, they might be older homes, they don't have as fantastic ventilation. Also, frankly, With an effort to try to get houses tighter in terms of not leaking as much and being climate friendly and that kind of thing, by making the envelope of the house tighter, you therefore cut down on the ventilation too. And that's another factor that isn't on the slide in terms of increasing. Sometimes households use that stove or oven to supplement heat. They're also disproportionately exposed to outdoor air pollution. All of that adds up to a greater asthma burden. Next slide. So some people ask me, well, why haven't I ever heard about this? When we first passed a policy at the Massachusetts Medical Society to just raise awareness in the general community about asthma and childhood asthma and gastrofuse, I remember going to a party after this passed. It was just a holiday party, and mentioning that this happened. And someone looked at me, and they were like, what? What are you talking about? You're the first person in the world who has ever said anything to me about this. Now, I have to say that since that time, that was 2019, and since doctors have started speaking up about this issue, the number of articles in the popular press has just increased exponentially. It was like no one talked about it before, and therefore, no one did much about it either. And why? Well, the same reason sort of is the same as what happened with cigarettes. The cigarette companies knew since the 1950s that smoking cigarettes was bad for people's lungs, and they also knew that it was bad for other people in the household, so-called secondhand smoke. Well, it was the same thing with this issue. This has been extensively studied since about the 1980s. We have had really good data showing that gas stove use is not good for people's health. And yet, it hasn't gotten out there. When the Massachusetts Medical Society passed that resolution to let the public be more aware of this association, I was actually approached by a former EPA official who thanked me for bringing this to light because she said it had just been so concerning for such a long time and it wasn't getting enough attention. Next slide. So this is just a list of the different health organizations that have now recognized the association between gas stove pollution and childhood asthma, the AMA, the American Public Health Association, Mass Medical Society. Next slide, please. So why are gas stoves a health hazard? And why am I calling them like the secondhand smoke of our time? Well, it turns out that just like cigarette smoke, they actually emit the same really powerful pollutants that cigarettes do. Really interesting. Next slide, please. So they produce, as cigarettes, Many more things than the three things I've listed here, but I'm gonna focus on these, because they actually produce hundreds of different pollutants. But the big ones are something called PM2.5, which is particulate matter. It's an air pollutant. It's associated with asthma, COPD, heart attack, stroke. Also, nitrogen dioxide, another air pollutant and respiratory irritant, and carbon monoxide, which many people know from carbon monoxide poisoning, which can happen in the house, but it happens whenever you light up a cigarette, you can get some carbon monoxide, and it also happens when you cook on your stove. Next slide, please. I love to talk about, I think particulate matter is super interesting. So what you see at the bottom of the slide there is a shaft of your hair. 30 particles of particulate matter of this size, 2.5 microns, They're so small that 30 of them can fit into the diameter of a shaft of hair. So that's the size of pollution we're talking about. Why are we concerned about it? Because when you inhale it, it can penetrate deep into the lung where it triggers things like asthma, and then it can cross into the bloodstream from the lung where it can go to the heart and cause inflammation and cause things like heart attack. It can go up to the brain and cause inflammation and cause things like stroke. The important thing, it's associated with pneumonia and high blood pressure. The things to remember, children are especially vulnerable. It's especially at high levels, at stroller level. So when you're pushing a child along the street, that's where the particulate matter is the highest. And the other important thing to know is that, as I've mentioned before, risk exists at any level. So the EPA has given a cutoff level of what they call satisfactory, but it turns out that we see health effects down to the very lowest level. Next slide. Nitrogen dioxide. This is just a slide showing that the more nitrogen dioxide you have in the air, the more severe asthma reaction you're going to have. It's interesting that you start to get effects at about a level of 10 parts per billion. The safe cutoff for our EPA is 100. So you're allowed to be exposed to a hundred parts per billion But as you can see you get symptoms far below that and it also just lists where gas stoves versus electric stoves Tend to emit. I find that the most interesting thing about nitrogen dioxide when I was at a medical conference years ago one of my pulmonologist colleagues brought a really interesting contraption into the conference and I and he had collected some really polluted air outside, just right outside the convention center, the air that we had been breathing until we walked in to go to this seminar. And he brought it into the convention center, and he said, I have this really cool machine where I breathe it in, and then when I exhale, it can show all the different pollutants that are in the air that I've just breathed out. So you guys can see the pollution in the air that I'm breathing in, and then in the air that I'm breathing out. And actually, this data has been around since the 1960s. There's an article in Nature that shows this happening back then, too. And so he breathed in this extremely polluted air from outside. And when he breathed out, how much nitrogen dioxide was in what he breathed out? Nothing. And what does that mean? That means it's all in your lungs. So he was nicely filtering it for the rest of us. So think about that. And that's why these kids are so affected. They're really little. They're breathing in all of these super irritants, and they're staying in their lungs. Next slide. So, it's sort of a recurrent theme now. Children are exposed both to outdoor and indoor air pollution. So, they're cumulative and that's something to remember too. And again, the predominant source indoors is your gas stove. Next slide. And often, indoor emissions from gas stoves exceed outside, outdoor regulatory standards. Incredibly, there are no indoor air pollution standards for any pollutant whatsoever. It isn't regulated. Next slide, please. Very important slide. Gas stoves, if you don't use ventilation, if you have a house or an apartment that's less than 1,500 square feet, the nitrogen dioxide in your house is going to exceed regulatory standards 83% of the time. If you have a home or an apartment less than 1,000 square feet and you don't use ventilation, it's going to exceed regulatory standards all the time, 100% of the time. Next slide. Does cooking with gas increase asthma risk? Yes, it does, 42%. Next slide. And the other really important thing to know, that just again, this data is just fresh from the last year, is that even when the stove isn't turned on, gas stoves leak. And they leak bad stuff. They don't just leak methane. There was an article in the Boston Globe the other day about a woman She lived in Dorchester and her little dog was lying on the sofa and it died because her gas stove was leaking methane and methane is an asphyxiant gas. You go to Wikipedia and it says methane is an innocuous asphyxiant gas and I was like, well, innocuous means not harmful and asphyxiant means that you die from not being able to breathe and so you can't really say that it's both. But it leaks. Do you want me to wrap up? Is it, okay, okay. So another, so in addition to methane, which is an asphyxiant, killed the poor little puppy, but they don't just leak methane, they leak other stuff. They leak something called benzene, which is a known cause of cancer. It, like particulate matter, there's no safe level, it affects the nervous system, can cause birth defects, and it also leaks a bunch of other chemicals. Next slide. And by the way, it doesn't matter how expensive your stove is. The cheapest stoves and the most expensive stoves leak. And this is just an interesting slide. So some people say, well, how do I know that I won't get all of these pollutants if I cook on an electric stove? So this is a study showing whenever you burn anything, you're going to get some particulate matter. But it's interesting that when you cook with gas, you get a lot more particulate matter, and you also get all those other pollutants, the nitrogen dioxide, the VOCs, which is benzene, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide. Next slide. The health cost, asthma costs on the order of like $80 billion in the US annually. If you break that down to a per person per family cost for what you'll spend on asthma in a year, it comes out to some like $3,200 a year. What's the cost of an electric stove? Like $500 to $1,000. So when you think about the health cost to society versus the cost of changing out that stove, maybe it's something to think about when your stove's ready to die. Next slide. I just thought I'd quote a bunch of interesting data that just came out like two weeks ago from a really great article in Science from both Harvard and Stanford researchers. And they looked at both, because many people, there's another article that I quoted in there that I wrote a couple years ago. People wrote to me afterwards saying, but what about propane gas? Because we cook with propane gas, and is that as bad as methane gas, which most of us have? And it turns out, yes, it is. And they looked at the US as a whole, and they found that the pediatric asthma cases due to the nitrogen dioxide from gas and propane stoves is like 50,000 a year across the US. But if you look at all the pollutants we just talked about, the benzene and the carbon monoxide and the nitrogen dioxide, it's more like 200,000 cases of pediatric asthma a year. So that is a whopping number. Mortality, they made a mortality estimate. They said up to 19,000 adult deaths annually from gas stove use in the U.S. pretty a whopping, and what's the mortality cost of that? They said on the order of a billion dollars a year in the US, and actually then they broke it down to communities of color, and they found that the price tag was even higher. The most concerning thing actually to me about this study was that they didn't just look at levels of these pollutants in the kitchen. They went all over the house and they found that the levels of pollutants in the bedrooms were equally as elevated and they stayed elevated for hours after the gas stove was used. So something else to think about. Next slide. So what can we do about it? Does ventilation help reduce nitrogen dioxide levels? And the answer is a definite maybe. It works if you use it. I'm one of those people who, I didn't know this data till I was, till about 2017 or later. And so in the winter when my kids were little, I used to put, my ventilation like leaked like a sieve and you know this is Massachusetts it's cold so I've thought I was being really smart and I covered it with plastic, so that I wouldn't get a ton of cold air coming right through the vent from the outside. And then my kids got asthma, and then I started reading about this data, and I thought, gosh, you know, I'm gonna take the cover, all that plastic I put on in the winter, off of my vent. And I didn't even run it that much, but because it created a constant draft, at the end of, my son was a big runner, and at the end of his cross country season, I was like, you know, I'm never at the end of the race, so I haven't seen you using your inhaler, How many times did you use it this season? And he was like, I didn't use it this season. But the problem with ventilation is people don't like to use it. I found at the end, right before our gas stove died, and I became more and more concerned. I have to let you know that one of the researchers who carried out that Harvard study I mentioned, she uses an N95 mask when she cooks on her gas stove. I don't think I could do that, because anyway, I don't think I could do that. But I did start running my fan every single time I ran my gas stove. And I noticed that the whole kitchen just cleared out. Like I wanted quiet in the kitchen and I just turned on that fan, my husband was gone, the kids were gone, no one was in the kitchen, no one likes using the fan. So that's a real problem is compliance. People just don't use it, they don't like it, it's annoying, it's loud. But it does work as long as it vents to the outside. If it doesn't vent to the outside, if it's one of those fans that just recirculates things in the kitchen, those ones can actually end up with levels of pollution higher than what you started out with. So those are really not good. And then if you don't have a fan that goes to the outside, open a window. Opening a window works great. Next slide. And so this is just a whole bunch of recommendations to install a carbon monoxide detector. I recommend getting a pretty expensive one. I didn't get an expensive one. And our heat exchanger on our gas furnace died and melted. And we ended up having carbon monoxide all over the house. And our monitor never picked it up. I smelled the weird burning smell, and I called the gas company. And my family was like, what's the problem? Well, the levels were really, really high. That was the problem. Opening a window, cooking on the back burners, using other electric appliances like a toaster oven or a kettle, a plug-in induction stove, and then ultimately, when you can and if you can, switching to an electric or an induction stove. Next slide. So the proof in a lot of medical studies is, well, when you take whatever you think is causing a medical condition away, does it get better? This is a really nice study in Ecuador showing that replacing gas stoves with induction stoves reduced markedly emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Next slide. And right now, there was also a study in the Bronx that showed the same thing. And now we have a study ongoing in collaboration with the BU School of Public Health in Dorchester, where they are looking at the environmental and health effects of replacing a gas stove with an electric one. Now I should just mention, it's very interesting in the Bronx study, I don't have the data up here, But it only reduced the air pollutants in the air by about 30%. But I showed you in the earlier slide of gas stoves versus electric stoves, you know, when you go to an electric stove, it should take all of those air pollutants out. And I think that tells us that the problem is in communities of color, if you take away the indoor air pollution, you still have the problem, which is that the outdoor air pollution didn't go away. And so this gets at some of the problem, but we still have to face that whole problem. Next slide. So just a few takeaways. Now you know gas stoves are the number one trigger for asthma and an indoor trigger in the state of Massachusetts. And communities of color are disproportionately and unfairly burdened by that. What can we do to stop those negative health effects? You can vent your stovetop emissions, but remember, they have to vent outside. You can't just recirculate them. Open your windows. Keep the children, elderly people, people with asthma away from the stove while you're cooking. I think a really important part of this, too, obviously is going to happen at the policy level. This isn't mentioned much, but one thing I'm kind of passionate about is, you know, There's external ventilation required for hot water heaters and your gas dryer. You wouldn't think of venting that inside, right? Or your gas furnace. You wouldn't think of venting that inside. Gas stoves used to vent outside. And at some point, In the last 40 years, that changed. And so I feel very strongly that gas stoves should vent outside. I think putting a warning label on stoves. There's a warning label on my hairdryer, like do not drop this into a tub when you're using it because there's a risk of electric shock. I don't think 19,000 people die every year in the US because they've dropped their hair dryer in a bathtub and gotten an electric shock, and yet there's a label on it. But 19,000 people a year die from gas stove exposure and there's no label on it. Where does that square up? Dozen. And then, obviously, replacing a gas stove with an electric or an induction when you need a new one. And then, most importantly, I think, is regulating air pollution, outdoor air pollution. Because yes, you can get rid of indoor air pollution, but if you don't regulate the outdoor one, and say, enforce the roadmap law that was just passed in Massachusetts a year and a half ago, saying that we shouldn't be locating dirty incinerators and power plants, et cetera, in communities of color that are already overburdened by all of those. It's time to make that all happen. And that's all I have. I have some resources, next slide. And then next slide, more resources. So I'm happy to share those with you afterwards. I don't, I should have brought a handout, but I didn't. And I'm happy to take any questions. You're all probably in shock. You're like, oh no, the gas stove. I love the gas stove. I love gas stoves too. But you get used to electric. Yes. So do you want to take her the mic? Yeah.

[SPEAKER_11]: 因此，您提到了煤气炉以及对哮喘的影响。那加热系统呢您实际上可以看到它在呼吸机的顶部散布灰尘，您知道，这是另一回事。我的大儿子，我遭受了这个问题的困扰，我住在一个有这个问题的公寓里，我注意到他的眼睛周围的黑眼圈。医生提到了与通风系统有关的东西，但他们没有确认或喜欢启动您需要从这套公寓搬出的任何东西，您知道吗？

[SPEAKER_09]: 是的，我认为这是一个巨大的问题，显然是因为它不仅仅是燃气炉，而且是燃气炉。我有一个可能正在泄漏的燃气炉在我意识到它之前，一氧化碳已经有六个月了，我注意到我永远不会头痛，而且每天都头痛。我的眼睛，我的眼睛有点注射，它们是红色的，我当时想，这很奇怪，我知道，我一直很累，我从不累。和后来，我意识到，天哪，我患有慢性一氧化碳暴露，因为我的燃气炉正在释放所有这些东西。燃气炉就像炉子泄漏一样泄漏。热水器也可以。他们还在研究马萨诸塞州的房屋中的气体泄漏，我前几天有人来到房子里作为研究的一部分，他只是把它的显示器放在热水器上，我闻到了气味在热水器上，果然，它正在泄漏气体，我固定了。

[SPEAKER_11]: 谢谢。

[SPEAKER_09]: 其他问题？不要害羞。

[SPEAKER_10]: 所以我有一个关于使用后燃烧器的问题。那是因为您远离了，通风与此有关吗？它在外面而不是在房子里吗？

[SPEAKER_09]: 我的猜测是，首先，您离污染物距离很远，因此您不会将其正确地得到。其次，当您使用带有炉子上面的引擎盖的通风口时，它会抬起。他们工作得更好。在后燃烧器上可以更好地工作。

[SPEAKER_01]: 其他问题？我的问题是，不是我的意思是，这只是我们整个燃气炉的数量，我不仅说马萨诸塞州，而是到处都是。它要多得多，比电炉大得多。不是因为价格吗？电力比天然气贵吗？

[SPEAKER_09]: 您知道可能确实与它有关吗？还，但这不是整个故事，对吗？因为故事的另一部分是什么？它是大量销售的。我记得当我刚结婚时，我正在和所有朋友聊天，每个人都喜欢，哦。所有的厨师都出来说，哦，用汽油做饭要好得多。他们是由谁付款的？美国天然气协会。因此，某个时候可能是一个价格点。我不能说我真的注意到电炉与燃气炉有所不同，以及运行炉子的成本。是的，但是请考虑一下您在医院账单中节省的钱。是的。是的。可能已经有一次了，但是现在我认为他们越来越有效。正如我所说，我有一个较新的模型，并且没有，诱导非常有效，非常非常高效，并且使用电磁波。

[Pike]: 是的，我只想补充说，像这样的感应灶具是作为传统电炉运行的一半。

[SPEAKER_09]: 而且您不必购买整个炉子。您只需购买她在那里展出的单一燃烧器即可。这样做，令人惊讶的是，您可以在不使用燃气炉的情况下到达多少。是的。其他问题？

[SPEAKER_11]: 是的。必须使用麦克风。

[SPEAKER_15]: 我认为这与有色社区的经济负担相同。那么有什么资源呢？我知道与多切斯特市和BU的计划一样，公共卫生就像从煤气炉升级到电炉需要多少？有什么资源吗？

[SPEAKER_09]: 这是一个很好的问题。我确实相信，有一个政府计划，马萨诸塞州计划，大规模节省，购买入门或电炉或电力的500美元折扣。好的。是的。所以有。实际上，如果您想将加热的形式更改为电动泵，也要更改为热泵。那里也有折扣。

[Lungo-Koehn]: 谢谢。那是一个很好的演讲。对于您和布伦达来说，您能否谈谈入学的价格点以及Masssave计划的运作方式？因此，如果您想直接购买它，或者想通过Masssave。

[Pike]: 谢谢。是的，所以像这样的便携式感应灶具有点超过100美元。带有感应灶具的全尺寸炉子比标准炉更昂贵。它可能价格昂贵1,000美元，但质量保存折扣为500美元，然后价格昂贵500美元。我用便携式感应灶具煮了一年。当我不得不使用多个燃烧器时，我偶尔会使用燃气炉作为备用，但是我几乎可以完全这样做一年。哦，我在亚马逊上购买了它，但我认为它在Home Depot或Best Buy的或Borts，Best，Best Buy's，类似的东西上都可以使用。是的。

[SPEAKER_09]: 好问题。谢谢。

[SPEAKER_06]: 我们还有另一个问题。是的。您需要买一个特殊的锅做饭吗？

[SPEAKER_09]: 这也是一个很好的问题，我敢肯定，布伦达可以告诉您更多有关此的信息。

[Pike]: 是的。抱歉，我应该站着。因此，花盆确实必须具有磁性，因为这就是它的工作方式，它会产生一个仅加热锅中金属的磁场。因此，如果您的陶瓷在其中有类似的金属，那么不锈钢，铸铁，那将起作用。但这与铜，玻璃或类似的东西无法使用。但基本上，您可以测试炊具。如果您有磁铁，只需测试炊具即可。如果粘住，那就起作用。

[SPEAKER_09]: 这是一个非常好的问题。这就是为什么我们实际上没有电动而不是感应的原因

[SPEAKER_15]: 谢谢隆德伯格博士。如果您想学习如何使用感应炉，Brenda将正确地结束并向您展示如何使用它。

[SPEAKER_13]: 是的，绝对。是的，我们基本上将其放在我们的网站上，并且可以让您与我们互动。稍后再给你。

[SPEAKER_07]: 绝对地。是啊是啊。那怎么样？伟大的。那是，您是与USDA合作的，还是？

[SPEAKER_14]: 是的，我被打断了什么？我的意思是，你要做什么？等等，什么？这也不是什么大事。

[SPEAKER_02]: QR码，我们也有代码吗？是啊是啊。

[SPEAKER_06]: 但是我很想获得这些信息，因为我的父母有汽油。我想，嗯。

[SPEAKER_02]: 这就是我的意思。就像，100美元，但后来您有家人。您将如何获得汽油？这就像

[SPEAKER_07]: 我希望你们支持一项真正的工作。

[SPEAKER_02]: 我希望每个人都做他们的事情，你知道吗？再加上，我告诉所有人，就像我一样。

[SPEAKER_06]: 我不必走。是的，我知道。

[SPEAKER_05]: 我爱你。我爱你。