[SPEAKER_15]: هم في الغالب معرضون للخطر لذلك. لذلك هناك بعض السياق التاريخي. خضعت العديد من مجتمعات السود والبني للفصل السكني. هذا ليس بجديد عليك، ولكني أردت فقط أن تحصل على فرصة لقراءته، مما أدى إلى تقليص الموارد والبنية التحتية غير المناسبة. لذلك عندما ننظر إلى الأرقام، فإن الأطفال السود هم أكثر عرضة للإصابة بالربو بأكثر من الضعف. الأطفال السود أكثر عرضة للوفاة بسبب الربو بمقدار 7.6 مرة. وفي عام 2021، سيعيش 72 مليون شخص ملون في مناطق ذات مستوى عالٍ من الأوزون و/أو التلوث الجزيئي. لذلك عندما نربط بين سبب عقدنا لهذه السلسلة وتأثير تغير المناخ وأيضًا العمل الذي نقوم به في مدينة ميثود، مكتب الوقاية لدينا وأيضًا مكتب التخطيط والتنمية والاستدامة. عليّ دائمًا أن أتذكر ما يرمز إليه نظام التوزيع العام (PDS). لذلك، من الفيضانات إلى موجات الحر، يكون الأطفال السود والبنيون أكثر عرضة لخطر النتائج الصحية المرتبطة بالمناخ. ولدينا أيضًا مجلس العدالة الصحية في هذه الوحدة، حيث تقود بريندا بايك، مخططة المناخ لدينا، هذا الفريق مع ميدفورد كونكتورز، شربل، ليزيت، سامية، التي ليست هنا، وناتاشا، وهي افتراضية. لذا فإن العدالة المناخية هي لجنة مخصصة ستقدم المشورة للمدينة بشأن تنفيذ خطة العمل المناخية مع التركيز على تمثيل مصالح المجموعات التي كانت ممثلة تمثيلاً ناقصًا سابقًا في مدينة الطريقة. فكيف يمكنك المساعدة؟ تعرف على قضايا العدالة البيئية، وشارك واستمر في المشاركة. يمكنك البقاء منخرطا. لدينا لافتة السحب هذه ومع رمز الاستجابة السريعة، يمكنك الاستمرار في التفاعل معها أو التواصل معي أو مع بريندا والتواصل معنا في City Hall. وهذا كل شيء. لذا سأفعل، فالدكتورة بريتا لوندبيرج في طريقها. إنها حركة المرور فظيعة. إنها متأخرة جدًا، لكنها ستكون متحدثتنا الليلة وستتعمق أكثر في تأثير الربو على الأطفال. لذلك سأطلب فقط القليل من الصبر.
[SPEAKER_00]: بالتأكيد. نعم. نعم. لذا، بينما لدينا بعض الوقت، أحد الأشياء إذا أتيت إلى منطقة العرض التوضيحي الصغيرة الخاصة بنا لاحقًا، لدينا موقد تحريضي محمول هناك، وهو موقد كهربائي. ومن الأشياء الرائعة في ذلك، بالإضافة إلى فوائد الربو، أنه لا يؤدي إلى ارتفاع حرارة الجسم سطح الموقد والمنطقة المحيطة به بقدر ما يركز الحرارة على المقلاة نفسها، لذلك هناك مجال كهرومغناطيسي لذلك، إذا كان لديك مقلاة معدنية سيتم ربطها بالمغناطيس، فسوف تعمل على ذلك وهذا فقط يسخن القدر لذا سأريكم لاحقًا يمكنني تشغيله، ووضع يدي عليه، فهو لن يحرق يدي لأنه سيسخن المعدن فقط. يمكنني وضع منشفة ووضع الوعاء فوق المنشفة والطهي من خلال المنشفة ولن تحرق المنشفة لأنها تركز الحرارة على المقلاة فقط. لذلك فهو فعال في استخدام الطاقة بشكل لا يصدق، فهو يوفر لك الطاقة، ويوفر لك المال، ويقلل من خطر الحريق. ويحسن نتائج الربو كذلك. لذلك فهي فائدة عظيمة. الوحدات كاملة الحجم، مثل مواقد الطهي العادية، أغلى من الموقد التقليدي. هذا الموقد المحمول هنا، سعره 100 دولار. انها بسيطة نسبيا. وقمت بطهي واحدة منها لغالبية طبخاتي لمدة عام. وكان رائعا حقا. إذا كنت ترغب في تجربتها بنفسك، فإن مكتبة ميدفورد العامة تحتوي على موقدين للطهي التعريفي، أحدهما محمول مثل هذا، ويمكنك التحقق من المكتبة لتجربته لمدة أسبوعين ومعرفة ما إذا كان هذا شيئًا يثير اهتمامك .
[SPEAKER_10]: إذن هناك قهوة وبعض الأطعمة التي تؤكل باليد، إذا كان الناس مهتمين.
[SPEAKER_07]: ولكن أعتقد أنه بينما ننتظر، يمكننا أن نعرف. جيد، كيف حالك؟ مرحبًا. حسنًا، يمكنهم رؤية هذا، ولا يمكنهم رؤية ذلك.
[SPEAKER_09]: مرحباً كيف حالك؟ جيد حقا. حسنًا، أنا كيفن من شركة Equity Community Media، وأساعد في كل ذلك.
[SPEAKER_13]: حسنًا، رائع. لقد حصلنا على الميكروفون الخاص بك هنا.
[SPEAKER_02]: اسمحوا لي أن أركض إلى الخلف وأحصل على إعادة التعيين. وهل ذكرت ليزا الميكروفون المحمول حتى يعود الجمهور إلى هناك أيضًا؟ نعم، حسنا، جيد.
[SPEAKER_09]: كما قلت، لقد مرت نصف ساعة عندما نظرت هذا الصباح. وكنت أعلم أن الأمر سيكون أكثر انشغالًا بعض الشيء. قد يكون 40 دقيقة. وظللت أحاول أن أكون ذكيًا جدًا حيال ذلك. وفي كل مرة كنت أقول، على الأقل استغرق الأمر بضع دقائق.
[SPEAKER_07]: لم تسر الأمور بسرعة كبيرة. أنا سعيد جدًا برؤية الناس يخرجون. لدينا بعض الأشياء في ليلة الافتتاح.
[SPEAKER_04]: وكانت تتسكع معه كل صيف.
[SPEAKER_15]: حسنًا، لقد عدنا. أردت فقط أن أقدم لكم الدكتور لوندبيرغ، الذي سيكون متحدثنا لهذا المساء. وهي طبيبة أمراض معدية مدربة وأستاذة مساعدة سابقة في قسم الأمراض المعدية في جامعة إيموري. وهي الرئيس التنفيذي ومؤسس معهد العدالة الصحية وLundberg Health Advocates، وهي مجموعة مناصرة للمرضى. يقدم معهد العدالة الصحية تعليمًا دعويًا وتمويلًا لخدمات المناصرة البرنامجية للمرضى المحتاجين. الدكتور لوندبيرغ هو عضو نشط في منظمة قانون المناخ الأزرق، وهي مجموعة مناصرة يقودها طبيب مكرسة لزيادة الوعي العام بالآثار الصحية لتغير المناخ. وهي رئيسة سابقة لمجلس الإدارة وعضو نشط في أطباء بوسطن الكبرى من أجل المسؤولية الاجتماعية وعضو في لجنة الصحة البيئية والمهنية التابعة لجمعية ماساتشوستس الطبية. سأمرر الميكروفون إلى الدكتور لوندبيرج.
[SPEAKER_09]: Sophie, how do I change the slides? I can change it for you. Oh, I can just say next slide. First of all, thank you all so much for coming out on a Wednesday night to hear about air pollution and climate justice and the health impacts of childhood asthma in black children, because I think this is such an incredibly important topic, and I am so glad to be here. Next slide. So just a few words about what is asthma. And I'm sorry, these slides are kind of far back, but I think you can see them OK. So it essentially is a hyper-reactivity of the airways that causes swelling, difficulty breathing. I'm sure that many of you in this room, I as a parent and the parent of two kids with asthma, I'm sure a lot of you are involuntary experts about asthma. And so I probably don't need to tell you too much. But what I do need to tell you is that there are several triggers for asthma. There are triggers that we can do things about, and there are triggers we can't do things about. The triggers we generally can't do so much about include cold air, exercise, viral infections, you know, that your kids are going to be exposed to or that you are exposed to. But tonight I'm going to talk about the things we can do things, something about. And I'm going to talk about who this disease is most common in. So it turns out, and actually it was really a pleasure to me to prepare and a bit of a shock, I have to say, to prepare this talk because it was somewhat of an eye-opener to me. I did not know all of these statistics, so I'm just going to share with you some pretty sobering statistics that I wasn't aware of. So as many of you know, black children have a higher risk of developing asthma than children of other racial groups. Black children have more than double the asthma rate, 12% versus 5.5% in other groups. Emergency use is much higher. And there's an increased asthma fatality rate. Now, these data are for across the country. They're not for Massachusetts. Massachusetts, it's a little lower. But in general, the asthma fatality rate is almost eight times higher in black children. Next slide. So that list of triggers that I put up there in the slide before this mentioned a whole bunch of triggers, mold, allergens, pollen, as I said, exercise and whatnot. And it mentioned smoke, but it doesn't mention what we're gonna talk about tonight, which is air pollution. I really feel like the NIH should list air pollution as a trigger and cause of asthma because the data tell us that it is. Air pollution in Massachusetts, according to a 2019 study by Boston College professor Dr. Philip Landrigan, showed that 15,000 cases of asthma in 2019 are due to air pollution in our state, and they're disproportionately affecting communities of color. But air pollution isn't just a cause and a trigger of asthma. It's a cause of a lot of other stuff. It's a cause of IQ loss in children. It's a cause of low birth weight among newborns. And, importantly, it's a cause of death. Worldwide, it accounts for 3 million deaths. It's the fifth leading risk factor for death in the world. And in our state, it accounts for 2,800 deaths a year, at least in this 2019 study. The important thing to note is that those deaths occur in every single community in Massachusetts, regardless of income, regardless of race, but they disproportionately occur among communities of color. And so, and the other important thing about that study is that it turns out that the level of particulate matter that the EPA believes is protective turned out not to be protective in that study. The levels that they saw health effects at were much, much lower, leading the authors to recommend much, much lower levels of pollution that should be allowed. Now if I just asked you what the number one trigger is in terms of houses about what the trigger for childhood asthma is, I put it on the slide, I should have asked the slide before, but actually the number one trigger for pediatric asthma is gas stove use in the house. And so that is what I'm gonna focus my talk on, but I thought I'd mention outdoor air pollution right at the get-go also. Next slide, please. Again, just reinforcing what I just said, there are disparities around who's exposed to air pollution. On average, nationally, people of color are exposed to 38% higher levels of the air pollutant nitrogen dioxide. It's just a common air pollution pollutant. And we in the Northeast, ironically, you know, we... I grew up thinking, oh, we're so much more enlightened. No, no, no, not when it comes to air pollution. Actually, the disparities in the Northeast are some of the worst in the country. And one of the top 10 cities in terms of those disparities is Boston. And one of the two top 10 states in terms of locating sources of air pollution including things like hazardous waste facilities and biomass incinerators and natural gas infrastructure like compressor stations and oil and gas pipelines and that kind of thing. There are two top states in the country for that. One is Wisconsin and one is Massachusetts. So that's distressing. Next slide please. So it's important to talk about childhood asthma, because there are three really important reasons why children are more susceptible to air pollution provoked asthma. First of all, they breathe at a higher rate, so they take those pollutants in at a higher rate. Second, because they're smaller, they have a higher lung to body weight surface area, and so they absorb more of those pollutants. And second, they have very immature developing respiratory systems, and so they're just not equipped to handle that level of pollution. I was asked to speak about the interaction between climate justice and asthma, and in fact, there's a very powerful interaction. Climate change, whether caused by wildfire smoke, as you see on the left, or flooding, bottom right, or drought, any of the commonly occurring things with climate change, all increase the respiratory disease and they compound racial disparities. The driver of climate change is fossil fuels and oil, gas, coal, infrastructure that produces all of this air pollution that then is a driver of climate change. And the interesting thing is that the fossil fuels don't just cause the climate change, they also are a direct provoker of asthma themselves. Next slide. Now the great news here is that cutting air pollution has immediate effects. I mean, really almost immediate. So we see asthma rates, heart attack rates, they fall rapidly. Babies are born healthier. Next slide. And how do we know that? So this is just a bunch of studies showing this effect. I'm just going to focus on the second one down. You might remember at the Atlanta Olympics, they really limited driving and transportation And they made all of the local, anyone who produced any local sources of air pollution, to really ramp it down so that the air quality would be better for the Olympics. And a bunch of physicians thought, well, this is interesting. Why don't we look at asthma at the same time? With all of this air pollution falling, we would expect it to get better. It plummeted. And that within weeks. So within 17 days, they had decreased emergency room visits for childhood asthma, decreased hospitalizations. And it wasn't just the Atlanta Olympics. They saw the same thing for the Beijing Olympics, because China did the same thing. And they really got very, very strict about their air pollution standards. And they actually looked at some of the data in lung tissue, and they saw decreased inflammatory markers. and decreased incidence of asthma exacerbations and inflammation. And so seeing all that data, we can just finish up and go home, right? Because we've got all the answers here. The answer is to decrease air pollution. Well, unfortunately, it's not that easy. Next slide, please. This is an article that I wrote in collaboration. They left off my co-author, Dr. Adrian Allen, who is Awesome, and they, anyway, I have to bother them about this, because I just noticed this when I pulled up the article. They've rebranded as Commonwealth Beacons, so when they were Commonwealth, she was on there, and now she's not. But it's just an article about pollution inequality in the state of Massachusetts, and all the roadblocks that we have been running into in terms of communities of color being disproportionately impacted by locating polluting infrastructure in them, like the Peabody Peeker plant, right in a community that's a disalready overburdened by too much polluting infrastructure, the Weymouth Compressor Station. Two success stories that I should mention since Governor Healey came into office are the Long Meadow Pipeline that the DEP put the kibosh on, and a biomass incinerator in Springfield. So we've had some victories, but by and large, Regulating outdoor air pollution is a real challenge. So that is why I'm going to focus on indoor air pollution. Next slide. Because this is something we as individuals can do something about. Next slide. Now, you might not know this, but indoor air quality is often much, much worse than outdoor air quality. And that is an important thing to think about because we spend up to 90% of our time indoors, right? That said, the EPA has said that indoor air pollution can be anywhere from two to five to 100 times worse than outdoor air quality. And homes with gas stoves emit 50 to 400 times as much of a very powerful air pollutant called nitrogen dioxide that we'll talk about in a minute than homes with electric stoves. Next slide. This is an important thing to know, because asthma is the second most common chronic illness in Massachusetts. One in eight children in Massachusetts have it. And 15% of that is attributable to gas stove use next. That's a problem, because gas stove usage is widespread in our state. Over 50% of over half of the houses in Massachusetts use gas to cook, houses and apartments. And in fact, as I mentioned earlier, this was a study in 2017 from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health showing that gas stoves are the number one trigger for indoor asthma, number one trigger indoors for childhood asthma exacerbations. As we mentioned before about outdoor air pollution, this too is an equity issue. Lower income households are at higher risk of exposure and illness. Why is that? Because their houses and apartments tend to be smaller. Their ventilation, they might be older homes, they don't have as fantastic ventilation. Also, frankly, With an effort to try to get houses tighter in terms of not leaking as much and being climate friendly and that kind of thing, by making the envelope of the house tighter, you therefore cut down on the ventilation too. And that's another factor that isn't on the slide in terms of increasing. Sometimes households use that stove or oven to supplement heat. They're also disproportionately exposed to outdoor air pollution. All of that adds up to a greater asthma burden. Next slide. So some people ask me, well, why haven't I ever heard about this? When we first passed a policy at the Massachusetts Medical Society to just raise awareness in the general community about asthma and childhood asthma and gastrofuse, I remember going to a party after this passed. It was just a holiday party, and mentioning that this happened. And someone looked at me, and they were like, what? What are you talking about? You're the first person in the world who has ever said anything to me about this. Now, I have to say that since that time, that was 2019, and since doctors have started speaking up about this issue, the number of articles in the popular press has just increased exponentially. It was like no one talked about it before, and therefore, no one did much about it either. And why? Well, the same reason sort of is the same as what happened with cigarettes. The cigarette companies knew since the 1950s that smoking cigarettes was bad for people's lungs, and they also knew that it was bad for other people in the household, so-called secondhand smoke. Well, it was the same thing with this issue. This has been extensively studied since about the 1980s. We have had really good data showing that gas stove use is not good for people's health. And yet, it hasn't gotten out there. When the Massachusetts Medical Society passed that resolution to let the public be more aware of this association, I was actually approached by a former EPA official who thanked me for bringing this to light because she said it had just been so concerning for such a long time and it wasn't getting enough attention. Next slide. So this is just a list of the different health organizations that have now recognized the association between gas stove pollution and childhood asthma, the AMA, the American Public Health Association, Mass Medical Society. Next slide, please. So why are gas stoves a health hazard? And why am I calling them like the secondhand smoke of our time? Well, it turns out that just like cigarette smoke, they actually emit the same really powerful pollutants that cigarettes do. Really interesting. Next slide, please. So they produce, as cigarettes, Many more things than the three things I've listed here, but I'm gonna focus on these, because they actually produce hundreds of different pollutants. But the big ones are something called PM2.5, which is particulate matter. It's an air pollutant. It's associated with asthma, COPD, heart attack, stroke. Also, nitrogen dioxide, another air pollutant and respiratory irritant, and carbon monoxide, which many people know from carbon monoxide poisoning, which can happen in the house, but it happens whenever you light up a cigarette, you can get some carbon monoxide, and it also happens when you cook on your stove. Next slide, please. I love to talk about, I think particulate matter is super interesting. So what you see at the bottom of the slide there is a shaft of your hair. 30 particles of particulate matter of this size, 2.5 microns, They're so small that 30 of them can fit into the diameter of a shaft of hair. So that's the size of pollution we're talking about. Why are we concerned about it? Because when you inhale it, it can penetrate deep into the lung where it triggers things like asthma, and then it can cross into the bloodstream from the lung where it can go to the heart and cause inflammation and cause things like heart attack. It can go up to the brain and cause inflammation and cause things like stroke. The important thing, it's associated with pneumonia and high blood pressure. The things to remember, children are especially vulnerable. It's especially at high levels, at stroller level. So when you're pushing a child along the street, that's where the particulate matter is the highest. And the other important thing to know is that, as I've mentioned before, risk exists at any level. So the EPA has given a cutoff level of what they call satisfactory, but it turns out that we see health effects down to the very lowest level. Next slide. Nitrogen dioxide. This is just a slide showing that the more nitrogen dioxide you have in the air, the more severe asthma reaction you're going to have. It's interesting that you start to get effects at about a level of 10 parts per billion. The safe cutoff for our EPA is 100. So you're allowed to be exposed to a hundred parts per billion But as you can see you get symptoms far below that and it also just lists where gas stoves versus electric stoves Tend to emit. I find that the most interesting thing about nitrogen dioxide when I was at a medical conference years ago one of my pulmonologist colleagues brought a really interesting contraption into the conference and I and he had collected some really polluted air outside, just right outside the convention center, the air that we had been breathing until we walked in to go to this seminar. And he brought it into the convention center, and he said, I have this really cool machine where I breathe it in, and then when I exhale, it can show all the different pollutants that are in the air that I've just breathed out. So you guys can see the pollution in the air that I'm breathing in, and then in the air that I'm breathing out. And actually, this data has been around since the 1960s. There's an article in Nature that shows this happening back then, too. And so he breathed in this extremely polluted air from outside. And when he breathed out, how much nitrogen dioxide was in what he breathed out? Nothing. And what does that mean? That means it's all in your lungs. So he was nicely filtering it for the rest of us. So think about that. And that's why these kids are so affected. They're really little. They're breathing in all of these super irritants, and they're staying in their lungs. Next slide. So, it's sort of a recurrent theme now. Children are exposed both to outdoor and indoor air pollution. So, they're cumulative and that's something to remember too. And again, the predominant source indoors is your gas stove. Next slide. And often, indoor emissions from gas stoves exceed outside, outdoor regulatory standards. Incredibly, there are no indoor air pollution standards for any pollutant whatsoever. It isn't regulated. Next slide, please. Very important slide. Gas stoves, if you don't use ventilation, if you have a house or an apartment that's less than 1,500 square feet, the nitrogen dioxide in your house is going to exceed regulatory standards 83% of the time. If you have a home or an apartment less than 1,000 square feet and you don't use ventilation, it's going to exceed regulatory standards all the time, 100% of the time. Next slide. Does cooking with gas increase asthma risk? Yes, it does, 42%. Next slide. And the other really important thing to know, that just again, this data is just fresh from the last year, is that even when the stove isn't turned on, gas stoves leak. And they leak bad stuff. They don't just leak methane. There was an article in the Boston Globe the other day about a woman She lived in Dorchester and her little dog was lying on the sofa and it died because her gas stove was leaking methane and methane is an asphyxiant gas. You go to Wikipedia and it says methane is an innocuous asphyxiant gas and I was like, well, innocuous means not harmful and asphyxiant means that you die from not being able to breathe and so you can't really say that it's both. But it leaks. Do you want me to wrap up? Is it, okay, okay. So another, so in addition to methane, which is an asphyxiant, killed the poor little puppy, but they don't just leak methane, they leak other stuff. They leak something called benzene, which is a known cause of cancer. It, like particulate matter, there's no safe level, it affects the nervous system, can cause birth defects, and it also leaks a bunch of other chemicals. Next slide. And by the way, it doesn't matter how expensive your stove is. The cheapest stoves and the most expensive stoves leak. And this is just an interesting slide. So some people say, well, how do I know that I won't get all of these pollutants if I cook on an electric stove? So this is a study showing whenever you burn anything, you're going to get some particulate matter. But it's interesting that when you cook with gas, you get a lot more particulate matter, and you also get all those other pollutants, the nitrogen dioxide, the VOCs, which is benzene, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide. Next slide. The health cost, asthma costs on the order of like $80 billion in the US annually. If you break that down to a per person per family cost for what you'll spend on asthma in a year, it comes out to some like $3,200 a year. What's the cost of an electric stove? Like $500 to $1,000. So when you think about the health cost to society versus the cost of changing out that stove, maybe it's something to think about when your stove's ready to die. Next slide. I just thought I'd quote a bunch of interesting data that just came out like two weeks ago from a really great article in Science from both Harvard and Stanford researchers. And they looked at both, because many people, there's another article that I quoted in there that I wrote a couple years ago. People wrote to me afterwards saying, but what about propane gas? Because we cook with propane gas, and is that as bad as methane gas, which most of us have? And it turns out, yes, it is. And they looked at the US as a whole, and they found that the pediatric asthma cases due to the nitrogen dioxide from gas and propane stoves is like 50,000 a year across the US. But if you look at all the pollutants we just talked about, the benzene and the carbon monoxide and the nitrogen dioxide, it's more like 200,000 cases of pediatric asthma a year. So that is a whopping number. Mortality, they made a mortality estimate. They said up to 19,000 adult deaths annually from gas stove use in the U.S. pretty a whopping, and what's the mortality cost of that? They said on the order of a billion dollars a year in the US, and actually then they broke it down to communities of color, and they found that the price tag was even higher. The most concerning thing actually to me about this study was that they didn't just look at levels of these pollutants in the kitchen. They went all over the house and they found that the levels of pollutants in the bedrooms were equally as elevated and they stayed elevated for hours after the gas stove was used. So something else to think about. Next slide. So what can we do about it? Does ventilation help reduce nitrogen dioxide levels? And the answer is a definite maybe. It works if you use it. I'm one of those people who, I didn't know this data till I was, till about 2017 or later. And so in the winter when my kids were little, I used to put, my ventilation like leaked like a sieve and you know this is Massachusetts it's cold so I've thought I was being really smart and I covered it with plastic, so that I wouldn't get a ton of cold air coming right through the vent from the outside. And then my kids got asthma, and then I started reading about this data, and I thought, gosh, you know, I'm gonna take the cover, all that plastic I put on in the winter, off of my vent. And I didn't even run it that much, but because it created a constant draft, at the end of, my son was a big runner, and at the end of his cross country season, I was like, you know, I'm never at the end of the race, so I haven't seen you using your inhaler, How many times did you use it this season? And he was like, I didn't use it this season. But the problem with ventilation is people don't like to use it. I found at the end, right before our gas stove died, and I became more and more concerned. I have to let you know that one of the researchers who carried out that Harvard study I mentioned, she uses an N95 mask when she cooks on her gas stove. I don't think I could do that, because anyway, I don't think I could do that. But I did start running my fan every single time I ran my gas stove. And I noticed that the whole kitchen just cleared out. Like I wanted quiet in the kitchen and I just turned on that fan, my husband was gone, the kids were gone, no one was in the kitchen, no one likes using the fan. So that's a real problem is compliance. People just don't use it, they don't like it, it's annoying, it's loud. But it does work as long as it vents to the outside. If it doesn't vent to the outside, if it's one of those fans that just recirculates things in the kitchen, those ones can actually end up with levels of pollution higher than what you started out with. So those are really not good. And then if you don't have a fan that goes to the outside, open a window. Opening a window works great. Next slide. And so this is just a whole bunch of recommendations to install a carbon monoxide detector. I recommend getting a pretty expensive one. I didn't get an expensive one. And our heat exchanger on our gas furnace died and melted. And we ended up having carbon monoxide all over the house. And our monitor never picked it up. I smelled the weird burning smell, and I called the gas company. And my family was like, what's the problem? Well, the levels were really, really high. That was the problem. Opening a window, cooking on the back burners, using other electric appliances like a toaster oven or a kettle, a plug-in induction stove, and then ultimately, when you can and if you can, switching to an electric or an induction stove. Next slide. So the proof in a lot of medical studies is, well, when you take whatever you think is causing a medical condition away, does it get better? This is a really nice study in Ecuador showing that replacing gas stoves with induction stoves reduced markedly emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Next slide. And right now, there was also a study in the Bronx that showed the same thing. And now we have a study ongoing in collaboration with the BU School of Public Health in Dorchester, where they are looking at the environmental and health effects of replacing a gas stove with an electric one. Now I should just mention, it's very interesting in the Bronx study, I don't have the data up here, But it only reduced the air pollutants in the air by about 30%. But I showed you in the earlier slide of gas stoves versus electric stoves, you know, when you go to an electric stove, it should take all of those air pollutants out. And I think that tells us that the problem is in communities of color, if you take away the indoor air pollution, you still have the problem, which is that the outdoor air pollution didn't go away. And so this gets at some of the problem, but we still have to face that whole problem. Next slide. So just a few takeaways. Now you know gas stoves are the number one trigger for asthma and an indoor trigger in the state of Massachusetts. And communities of color are disproportionately and unfairly burdened by that. What can we do to stop those negative health effects? You can vent your stovetop emissions, but remember, they have to vent outside. You can't just recirculate them. Open your windows. Keep the children, elderly people, people with asthma away from the stove while you're cooking. I think a really important part of this, too, obviously is going to happen at the policy level. This isn't mentioned much, but one thing I'm kind of passionate about is, you know, There's external ventilation required for hot water heaters and your gas dryer. You wouldn't think of venting that inside, right? Or your gas furnace. You wouldn't think of venting that inside. Gas stoves used to vent outside. And at some point, In the last 40 years, that changed. And so I feel very strongly that gas stoves should vent outside. I think putting a warning label on stoves. There's a warning label on my hairdryer, like do not drop this into a tub when you're using it because there's a risk of electric shock. I don't think 19,000 people die every year in the US because they've dropped their hair dryer in a bathtub and gotten an electric shock, and yet there's a label on it. But 19,000 people a year die from gas stove exposure and there's no label on it. Where does that square up? Dozen. And then, obviously, replacing a gas stove with an electric or an induction when you need a new one. And then, most importantly, I think, is regulating air pollution, outdoor air pollution. Because yes, you can get rid of indoor air pollution, but if you don't regulate the outdoor one, and say, enforce the roadmap law that was just passed in Massachusetts a year and a half ago, saying that we shouldn't be locating dirty incinerators and power plants, et cetera, in communities of color that are already overburdened by all of those. It's time to make that all happen. And that's all I have. I have some resources, next slide. And then next slide, more resources. So I'm happy to share those with you afterwards. I don't, I should have brought a handout, but I didn't. And I'm happy to take any questions. You're all probably in shock. You're like, oh no, the gas stove. I love the gas stove. I love gas stoves too. But you get used to electric. Yes. So do you want to take her the mic? Yeah.
[SPEAKER_11]: لقد ذكرت موقد الغاز وتأثيره على الربو. ماذا عن نظام التدفئة، والأنابيب التي لا يقوم معظم أصحاب العقارات بتحديثها في بعض الأحيان، وتكون مليئة بالسخام، وأحيانًا يمكنكم رؤيته في الواقع في الجزء العلوي من جهاز التنفس الصناعي وهو ينشر الغبار، وكما تعلمون، فهذا شيء آخر. لقد عانيت من ذلك، ابني الأكبر كنت أعيش في شقة كانت تعاني من هذه المشكلة ولاحظت وجود هالات سوداء حول عينيه. ذكر الأطباء شيئًا متعلقًا بنظام التهوية لكنهم لم يؤكدوا أو يعجبوا، ابدأ بأي شيء تحتاجه للانتقال من هذه الشقة، هل تعلم؟
[SPEAKER_09]: نعم، أعتقد أنها مشكلة كبيرة، بالطبع، لأنها لا تقتصر على مواقد الغاز فحسب، بل أفران الغاز أيضًا. كان لدي فرن غاز ربما كان يتسرب أول أكسيد الكربون لمدة ستة أشهر قبل أن أدرك ذلك، ولاحظت أنني لا أشعر بالصداع أبدًا، وكنت أشعر بالصداع كل يوم. لقد تم حقن عيني، وبياض عيني نوعًا ما، وكانت حمراء، وكنت أقول، هذا غريب، أنا، كما تعلمون، وكنت متعبًا طوال الوقت، ولم أشعر بالتعب أبدًا. و لاحقًا، أدركت، يا إلهي، أنني كنت أعاني من التعرض المزمن لأول أكسيد الكربون لأن فرن الغاز الخاص بي كان يطلق كل هذه الأشياء. يمكن أن تتسرب أفران الغاز تمامًا مثل تسرب المواقد. وكذلك يمكن لسخانات الماء الساخن. إنهم يقومون أيضًا بدراسة تسرب الغاز في المنازل في جميع أنحاء ولاية ماساتشوستس، وقد أتى شخص ما إلى المنزل في أحد الأيام كجزء من الدراسة، وقد وضع شاشته على سخان الماء الساخن، وقد شممت رائحة الغاز. عند سخان الماء الساخن، وبالتأكيد، لقد كان يتسرب الغاز وقمت بإصلاحه.
[SPEAKER_11]: شكرًا لك.
[SPEAKER_09]: أسئلة أخرى؟ لا تخجل.
[SPEAKER_10]: لذلك كان لدي سؤال حول استخدام الشعلات الخلفية. هل هذا بسبب بعدك عن المكان وهل للتهوية علاقة بذلك؟ هل الخروج في الخارج وليس في المنزل؟
[SPEAKER_09]: تخميني هو، أولاً وقبل كل شيء، أنك بعيد عن الملوثات، لذا فإنك لا تفهم الأمر بشكل صحيح. وثانيًا، عندما تستخدم فتحة تهوية بغطاء فوق الموقد، فإنها ترتفع. إنهم يعملون بشكل أفضل. هذا يعمل بشكل أفضل على الشعلات الخلفية.
[SPEAKER_01]: أسئلة أخرى؟ سؤالي هو، لا إنها مجرد كمية مواقد الغاز المتوفرة لدينا طوال الوقت، أعني، لا أقول ماساتشوستس فقط، ولكن في كل مكان. إنه أكثر من ذلك بكثير، إنه أعظم بكثير من الموقد الكهربائي. أليس هذا بسبب السعر؟ الكهرباء أغلى من الغاز؟
[SPEAKER_09]: هل تعلم أنه من المحتمل أن يكون له علاقة بالأمر؟ أيضًا، لكن هذه ليست القصة بأكملها، أليس كذلك؟ لأن ما هو الجزء الآخر من القصة؟ تم تسويقه بكثافة. أتذكر عندما تزوجت للتو وكنت أتحدث مع جميع أصدقائي وكان الجميع يقولون، أوه. كان جميع الطهاة يخرجون ويقولون، أوه، الطبخ بالغاز أفضل بكثير. ومن الذي كان يدفع لهم؟ جمعية الغاز الأمريكية. ولذا ربما كانت هناك نقطة سعر في مرحلة ما. لا أستطيع أن أقول إنني لاحظت بالفعل اختلافًا بين الموقد الكهربائي وموقد الغاز ومبلغ تكلفة تشغيل الموقد. نعم، لكن فكر فيما ستوفره من فواتير المستشفى. نعم. نعم. ربما كان الأمر كذلك في مرحلة ما، لكنني أعتقد الآن أنهم أصبحوا أكثر كفاءة. كما قلت، لدي نموذج أحدث، لكنه ليس كذلك، الحث فعال للغاية، فعال للغاية، ويستخدم الموجات الكهرومغناطيسية.
[SPEAKER_00]: نعم، أود فقط أن أضيف أن موقد الحث مثل هذا يكلف حوالي نصف تكلفة تشغيله كموقد كهربائي تقليدي.
[SPEAKER_09]: وليس عليك شراء الموقد بأكمله. يمكنك فقط شراء الموقد الفردي المعروض هناك. وبهذه الطريقة يمكنك ذلك، إنه لأمر مدهش مقدار ما يمكنك فعله دون استخدام موقد الغاز الخاص بك. نعم. أسئلة أخرى؟
[SPEAKER_11]: نعم. يجب أن تستخدم الميكروفون.
[SPEAKER_15]: أعتقد أن الأمر يندرج في نفس السياق مع العبء الاقتصادي الواقع على المجتمعات الملونة. إذن كيف توجد أي موارد؟ أعلم أن هناك برنامجًا مشابهًا مع مدينة Dorchester وBU للصحة العامة مثل ما هي تكلفة الترقية من موقد الغاز إلى الموقد الكهربائي؟ هل سيكون هناك أي موارد لذلك؟
[SPEAKER_09]: هذا سؤال ممتاز. أعتقد أن هناك برنامجًا حكوميًا، برنامج ماساتشوستس، Mass Save، خصم 500 دولار على شراء موقد تحريضي أو كهربائي أو تحريضي. نعم. نعم. إذن هناك. وأيضًا للتغيير إلى مضخة حرارية، في الواقع، إذا كنت تريد تغيير شكل التدفئة لديك إلى مضخة كهربائية. هناك خصم هناك أيضا.
[SPEAKER_08]: شكرًا لك. لقد كان ذلك عرضًا رائعًا. هل يمكنك التحدث أنت وبريندا عن نقاط السعر الخاصة بالتحريض وكيف يعمل برنامج MassSave؟ لذا، إذا كنت ترغب في شرائه مباشرة أو إذا كنت تريد المرور عبر MassSave.
[SPEAKER_00]: شكرًا. نعم، لذا فإن سعر الموقد التعريفي المحمول مثل هذا يزيد قليلاً عن 100 دولار. يعد الموقد ذو الحجم الكامل مع موقد الحث أكثر تكلفة من الموقد القياسي. قد يكون الأمر أكثر تكلفة بمقدار 1000 دولار، ولكن مع خصم التوفير الشامل البالغ 500 دولار، يصبح السعر أكثر تكلفة بمقدار 500 دولار. لقد قمت بالطهي على موقد الحث المحمول مثل هذا لمدة عام. كنت أحيانًا أستخدم موقد الغاز الخاص بي كموقد احتياطي عندما اضطررت إلى استخدام شعلات متعددة، لكنني تمكنت من القيام بذلك بشكل حصري تقريبًا لمدة عام. أوه، لقد اشتريت هذا من أمازون، لكنني أعتقد أنه متاح جدًا في Home Depot أو Best Buy أو آسف، Best Buy's، أشياء من هذا القبيل. نعم.
[SPEAKER_09]: سؤال جيد. شكرًا لك.
[SPEAKER_06]: لدينا سؤال آخر. نعم. هل يجب عليك شراء وعاء خاص للطهي؟
[SPEAKER_09]: هذا أيضًا سؤال جيد، وأنا متأكد من أن بريندا يمكنها أن تخبرك المزيد عن ذلك.
[SPEAKER_00]: نعم. آسف، يجب أن أبقى واقفا فحسب. لذلك يجب أن تكون الأواني مغناطيسية لأن هذه هي الطريقة التي تعمل بها هذه العملية، فهي تخلق مجالًا مغناطيسيًا يؤدي إلى تسخين المعدن الموجود في الوعاء فقط. لذا، الفولاذ المقاوم للصدأ، والحديد الزهر، إذا كان لديك سيراميك به معدن مماثل بداخله، فسيعمل ذلك. لكنها لن تعمل مع النحاس أو الزجاج أو أشياء من هذا القبيل. ولكن في الأساس، يمكنك اختبار أواني الطبخ الخاصة بك. إذا كان لديك مغناطيس، فما عليك سوى اختبار أواني الطهي الخاصة بك. إذا التصقت، فسوف تعمل.
[SPEAKER_09]: إنه سؤال جيد حقا. ولهذا السبب اعتمدنا في الواقع استخدام الكهرباء وليس الحث لأن زوجي كان يعتقد أنني لن أتخلى عن أواني المفضلة التي اختبرناها بالمغناطيس ولم تكن مغناطيسية، لذا حسنًا، شكرًا جزيلاً لكم جميعًا.
[SPEAKER_15]: شكرا لك دكتور لوندبيرج. إذا كنت تريد أن تتعلم كيفية استخدام موقد الحث، فستكون بريندا موجودة وستوضح لك كيفية استخدامه.
[SPEAKER_13]: نعم بالتأكيد. نعم، لقد وضعناه بشكل أساسي على موقعنا الإلكتروني، وهو مفتوح لك للتفاعل معنا. سأعطيك ذلك لاحقا.
[SPEAKER_07]: قطعاً. نعم نعم. كيف هذا؟ عظيم. إذن، هل تعمل مع وزارة الزراعة الأمريكية، أم أنها كذلك؟
[SPEAKER_14]: نعم، ما الذي يقاطعني؟ أعني، ماذا ستفعل؟ انتظر ماذا؟ وهي ليست مشكلة كبيرة أيضًا.
[SPEAKER_02]: رمز الاستجابة السريعة، هل لدينا الرمز هناك أيضًا؟ نعم نعم.
[SPEAKER_06]: لكني أرغب في الحصول على هذه المعلومات، لأن والدي يعانيان من الغازات. وأنا مثل اه اه.
[SPEAKER_02]: هذا ما أقوله. مثلًا، 100 دولار، ولكن بعد ذلك لديك عائلة. كيف ستحصل على الغاز؟ هذا مثل حقا،
[SPEAKER_07]: آمل يا رفاق دعم العمل الحقيقي في التقدم.
[SPEAKER_02]: أردت من الجميع أن يفعلوا أشياءهم، هل تعلم؟ بالإضافة إلى ذلك، مثلي، أقول للجميع.
[SPEAKER_06]: ليس علي أن أذهب. نعم، أعرف.
[SPEAKER_05]: أحبك. أحبك.
[SPEAKER_04]: لذلك أنا فقط أقوم بربط النقاط. أنا أقول الحقيقة.
[SPEAKER_07]: شكرًا لك.
[SPEAKER_06]: نعم.
[SPEAKER_04]: نعم.
[SPEAKER_05]: أنتم رائعون يا رفاق.
[SPEAKER_02]: أعرف أنها مدينة كبيرة.
[SPEAKER_06]: نعم.
[SPEAKER_07]: لأنني أشعر أن الناس عندما يقولون سوريا فقط، فإنهم لا يذهبون إليها.
[SPEAKER_06]: ولكن إذا كانوا موجهين إليهم على وجه التحديد، فسوف يتحدثون عن ذلك.
[SPEAKER_07]: لأنك تعلم أنها منطقة جيدة أكثر.
[SPEAKER_05]: كما تعلمون، هذه رسالة جيدة لإرسالها إلى عامة الناس. أود ذلك، لكن المرأة العادية كانت تقترب مني وتقول، كما تعلمون، لدينا سوريا، ونحن نعمل عليها. 10 سنوات من الآن؟ شيئًا فشيئًا، لأن الناس سيبدأون بالحديث عن ذلك، خاصة كما هو الحال الآن.
[SPEAKER_06]: سيبدأ الناس في الحديث عنه في العام المقبل. سيكون لدينا المزيد من الناس. هذا كل ما حصلت عليه. لقد حفظت سطرًا واحدًا فقط.